Parents and Children
General Parenting Practices
Parenting is one of lifeβs most fulfilling experiences, but it also comes with significant challenges. Parents serve as both caregivers and teachers, and it is vital to remain flexible in their teaching approaches, as every child learns differently. The key is to choose parenting tools and strategies that best fit your unique situation.
Every interaction with your child is a teaching interaction. Children are continually absorbing informationβideally, the skills and values you wish to instill. Determining the best parenting techniques and deciding when and how to implement them can be confusing and frustrating. The method you choose will influence your childβs future. Research indicates that children whose parents set effective boundaries and take charge are more likely to become self-reliant, independent, academically successful, socially accepted, and well-behaved adults. This underscores the importance of enforcing rules and maintaining control, but the key is to do this without becoming overly controlling. Achieving balance is crucial in parenting.
Two essential components of effective parenting are modeling desired behaviors and maintaining consistency. Children tend to imitate what parents do, not just what they say, so it is important to exemplify the behaviors you want to see in your children. Consistency allows children to anticipate your reactions and adjust their own behavior, giving them a sense of control. Getting everyone involved in raising your childrenβsuch as grandparents, babysitters, teachers, and siblingsβon board with your parenting plan is also vital.
Take time to pause, breathe, refocus, and repeat as necessary. Managing your child's behavior often requires balancing discipline with building and maintaining a positive relationship. At times, you may need to choose between prioritizing your relationship with your child and the specific behaviors you want them to develop. Prioritizing behavior over relationships can be ineffective, as the quality of your relationship greatly influences your childβs willingness to follow your guidance. While strict discipline can foster compliance, it may damage the relationship and is not always the best approach. Each child is unique and requires an individual approach.
Best Parenting Practices
All parents desire love and respect from their children, but boundaries are necessary for childrenβs safety and growth. Parenting involves striking a balance between providing corrective feedback and preserving the loving relationship.
If you are uncomfortable with your child being upset with you, you may prioritize the relationship and give in too often, potentially undermining your child's self-discipline. Children need structure, rules, and guidance, as well as love and support. Connecting emotionally before offering correction is beneficial, but sometimes it is necessary to be firm and say no. Discipline often starts externally and gradually becomes internal as children develop healthy boundaries. If conflicts arise, discuss them openly and make firm decisions when needed.
Being overly controlling can have negative consequences, causing children to internalize emotions, develop fear, and struggle with authority. A child who cannot say no may have difficulty asserting themselves as adults, while a child who is allowed to act selfishly may become controlling and manipulative. Finding a healthy balance is challenging and requires a personalized approach for each child.
Parenting practices have evolved, with many shifting away from traditional obedience toward fostering cognitive development and positive self-image. Some children require more structure, while others benefit from freedom and encouragement. New strategies and techniques are available, and selecting the right formula for your child is crucial. Parenting is arguably the worldβs most important job, and continuous learning is essential. Perfection is unattainable, but the following practices are fundamental:
Best Parenting Practices:
1. Spend quality time with your children daily. This can be tricky because kids can be noisy, messy, and uncompromising. Parenting can be exhausting and require more energy than you have. Even so, quality time is the foundation of your relationship. At least twenty minutes a day is recommended, but give them as much time as you can and try to be there in mind, body, and spirit. This is not a time to multitask; kids need your full attention. Quality time is much more important than a lot of time passively watching as the child plays games or entertains themselves.
2. Keep an open mind about what might be happening in your childβs life. Try not to judge or assume motives. Instead, try to create an atmosphere of safety where you can talk with your child when they are having problems. You are trying to manage your childβs behavior, but itβs important to remember you are also trying to influence the narrative developing inside the childβs mind. Is the world friendly or unfriendly? What do others think of me? What do I feel about me? What are parents, teachers, and caregivers like? What happens when I experiment or become creative? What happens when I refuse? These questions are answered when parents and caregivers respond to a childβs behavior. What a child is thinking is just as important as what they are doing. The words they hear will eventually become their inner voice.
3. Stay calm, and always keep your cool, especially if your child is having a problem keeping cool. Keep your stress level under control and never discipline when angry. Be willing to listen, and find ways to create a safe environment so your child always feels safe. It is natural for them to disagree. That is how they develop confidence, self-assurance, and emotional intelligence. Kids do not respond to anger logically; if they see you screaming at a bad driver, or worse yet, each other, they internalize the rage and react emotionally, likely thinking you are mad at them or worse yet, they caused you to be upset.
4. Positives always work better than negatives. The recommended ratio is 3 or 4 positives to every negative interaction. You will not be able to avoid punishment, but try to teach the behaviors your child needs through positive reinforcement; this works much better than any form of punishment.
A common phrase in the positive parenting literature is to βCatch your child being good.β This refers to the art of noticing and reinforcing small positive behaviors. Small steps in a positive direction lead to powerful changes over time due to compounding. Celebrate small accomplishments, and your child will likely continue on this path.
5. Model the behavior you want to see in your child. Be the person you want your child to be. Letting them know who you are and how you feel in a loving way can go a long way toward helping them learn to express their feelings. Remember, your words and actions determine their inner voices. When you make a mistake, be willing to apologize to them if you want them to learn to accept responsibility and apologize when they make a mistake. Be human; donβt pretend to be an expert or perfect. This will help your child accept and care for themselves when they make mistakes and not set up rigid expectations of themselves. This is the beginning of a growth mindset.
6. Never argue with a child. This is always an invitation to a power struggle (not wanting to eat a particular food or do what you ask, refusing a chore, ignoring you). This is where βact donβt yackβ comes in. Use a backup consequence, temporarily lose privileges, cut off a device, give a count of 5, use stop-and-think procedures, try breathing, find a place to regroup, or use self-calming techniques.
7. Donβt let the children get caught in the middle when Mommy and Daddy are fighting. Disagreements are normal, but if they get serious, keep the adult issues at the adult level. Let kids be kids; do not expect them to be little adults. Remember what it was like for you when you were young. Each age has its own developmental level, and the child will generally let you know what they need if they trust you, your relationship is good, and they feel safe. Be honest, but prioritize the relationship and safety over any need you may have to tell or know (coming from your anxiety).
8. Make sure your needs are met. Parents must take care of themselves if they want to teach children to care for themselves. You cannot teach what you do not know or give what you do not have; kids will figure this out much quicker than you think. Managing your mental health will go a long way toward helping your child develop theirs.
9. Share your ideas with others and learn as you go. When you discover that you do not have all the answers, open yourself up to learning new skills. Other parents are also trying to learn and may need your help, or vice versa.
10. Understand the function of your childβs behavior. Children frequently do not know how to express their emotions so they communicate with their behavior. Adults need to be able to read the childβs behavior to meet their needs or to help them solve problems.
Helping Children Manage Their Behavior
Richard Dismukes, LPC
Controlling desires and cravings is difficult, especially for children. This challenge is normal and, in some ways, beneficial, as it drives growth and future success. However, learning self-control is essential for functioning well in society. The brainβs control centers mature later than the desire circuits, meaning children require guidance in developing executive skills.
Understanding the biological basis of control and desire helps parents support their children. Dopamine, a chemical messenger, is key to forming neural connections that influence personality and behavior. The desire circuit drives creativity, motivation, and the pursuit of wants, while the control circuit is associated with self-discipline, logic, and reason. These circuits must be balanced for healthy development, and parents play a crucial role in fostering this balance.
The Desire Within, A Five-Session Video Series: Session 1
The Desire Within: Session 2
The Desire Within: Session 3
This leads us to ask: How can we help children develop or strengthen the control pathway?
Children arenβt born with control skills but with the potential to develop them.
The skills associated with the control circuit are called βExecutive Skills,β including attention, planning, organizing, time management, flexibility, perseverance, metacognitive (thinking about thinking) skills, and social/emotional intelligence. These skills are of major importance, and they develop and become fine-tuned over many years. Most children develop these according to typical or βnormalβ development, but many children are delayed; these skills come online later. Each skill set has its trajectory, so there is a lot of variability from person to person. When kids have developmental delays, environmental problems (trauma or adverse childhood events), or multiple problem areas, they may not be able to keep up with their peers, and expectations will need to be adjusted to help the child catch up.
The Desire Within Session 4
Rewards or consequences will not automatically strengthen the control circuit. Consequences are helpful; they teach children about boundaries, which will keep them safe, and consequences might also increase motivation to develop more control. However, strengthening the control circuit takes more than appropriate consequences for behaviors. Rewards strengthen healthy behaviors, but developing control skills requires spending time with children and teaching them skills like patience, self-regulation, organizing, noticing how other kids are reacting to them or when they are off track, and not giving up when life becomes difficult. This is accomplished partially by instruction and guidance, but also by modeling and shaping the skills you want your child to develop.
It is equally important that parents work on their ability to control their desires and wants and demonstrate control at the adult level. When children have a close bond with their parents and observe these behaviors in their parents, they will typically follow this lead.
Some children will need more support than others. The control circuits are not fully developed physically until the mid-20s (but this varies greatly). The skills associated with these pathways continue to strengthen throughout life, and some people never develop a healthy balance between control and desire. It is important to be patient with children because these desire or pleasure circuits come online earlier and are more powerful than the executive skills (the brain develops from the bottom up). They also develop naturally, whereas executive skills must be learned through experience.
The Desire Within: Session 5
βExecutive skillsββsuch as attention, planning, organizing, time management, flexibility, perseverance, metacognitive skills, and social/emotional intelligenceβdevelop gradually over many years. Not all children develop these skills at the same pace. Delays may occur due to developmental or environmental factors, and expectations should be adjusted accordingly. Children need these skills broken down into sub-skills and taught early so they can develop sooner rather than later, because they play an essential role in future success and well-being.
Academic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic help to establish control circuits because of the many sub-skills involved. Self-help and self-care skills are very important. Athletic activities help with balance, coordination, team play, and self-discipline. Strategies that improve attention also strengthen control circuits. Remember, kids naturally get caught up in desires and wants, so until they develop control skills, they can be difficult to manage. Rather than blaming the child for not controlling their desires, parents should look at themselves and how well they demonstrate and teach these skills.
Breaking these executive skills into component behaviors helps identify specific skill sets that parents can strengthen. So, letβs take a closer look at what some of these component skills might look like in childhood.
Building Executive Skills
Attention:
Β·Slow down when you are going too fast. (self control)
Stop and think about what lies ahead rather than reacting impulsively.
Listen and sustain attention.
Sustaining independent work.
Organization
Clean up and put things away and in their place
Keeping toys and possessions organized
Take care of your things
Planning
Painting, drawing, writing, coloring or creative arts all involve planning
Thinking ahead about needed materials, timing sequencing, finalizing and display
Making a list to help remember things to get or do
Time Management
Getting up and dressed on time
Stopping games when requested, time limit on screen activities
Getting to bed on time
Waking up on time
Waiting for your turn
Flexibility:
Playing cooperatively/sharing with others
Accept your flaws
Apologize when mistaken
Being a good sport when you lose a game or a thing
Perseverance:
Finishing what you start
Doing things alone on your own or without assistance
Not giving up β developing a growth mindset
Ability to delay gratification
Saving for the future
Taking care of pets, flowers, or plants
Metacognitive Skills
Thinking about what you are saying or doing
Telling the truth (awareness of dishonesty)
Awareness/noticing/expressing your emotions
Awareness, noticing, thinking about, or helping others
Social Emotional Intelligence
Manage emotions and stress
Calm down, breathe, and check yourself when upset
Empathize with others.
Kindness/helping others
Sharing your things with others
Helping someone out
Executive skills can be strengthened by simple things like playing games that involve waiting your turn, putting puzzles together, saying a prayer before a meal (pausing or waiting until it is time to eat), or doing small things for someone else.
Parents can consciously introduce and reinforce behaviors that help children establish more self-control. Give them limited control opportunities, such as allowing them to choose between two acceptable options. Explain to children the possible consequences of behaviors (without condemning them), review the pros and cons of different choices, give them jobs and responsibilities, and let them make reasonable choices to promote self-sufficiency.
Parents can create opportunities to learn/demonstrate skills like thinking before they react, spending time alone, letting them figure things out rather than always having someone help them, being content at home, helping them pause, slow down, reflect, and collect themselves. Once these behaviors are prompted, social praise and reinforcement will strengthen these skills, but we canβt expect kids to figure out which behaviors are important. This must come from parents who demonstrate these behaviors and provide frequent and well-thought-out prompts.
It is hard to keep yourself under control when the kids are being difficult and unwilling to listen. But when kids are oppositional and screaming at you, parents need to demonstrate calmness. This is when your desire for things not to be this way can cause you to lose control over your behavior. Demonstrating self-control is modeling the behavior you want your child to develop. Screaming back, threatening, or hitting a child is giving in to your own desire for things not to be this way, which will only model and strengthen the childβs desire for what they want.
General Parenting Practices
The approach you take as a parent can have lasting effects. Research shows that children whose parents set effective boundaries and take charge are more likely to develop self-reliance, independence, academic success, social acceptance, and good behavior. However, balance is essentialβenforce rules without being overly controlling.
Two key components are practicing what you preach and consistency. Children imitate what they observe, so model desired behaviors and ensure consistency in your techniques. Involve everyone responsible for raising your children in your plans. way you approach parenting practices may affect your kids in the long run. For example, research shows that children of parents who take charge and set effective boundaries have children who are likely to become:
Relationships and Parenting Effectiveness
The parent-child relationship is critical in determining the success of any parenting strategy. The quality of this relationship influences compliance, willingness to listen, and the desire for parental approval. Maintaining a positive relationship is more important than enforcing compliance, especially with difficult children.
Discipline and Consequences
Consequences are a necessary part of life. Parents must teach children to respect rules and structure, preparing them for self-discipline. The caregiverβs role is to provide experiences, opportunities, and examples of successful behavior, inspiring children to internalize discipline.
Punishment in Parenting
Punishment has limited effectiveness and can lead to unpredictable responses, escalation of negative behaviors, and damage to the parent-child relationship. It does not teach necessary skills or promote growth. While consequences are part of discipline, each child's needs and solutions are unique.
Natural Consequences and Learning
Allowing children to learn through natural consequencesβsuch as falling when running too fast or losing trust through dishonestyβcan be effective. Nature teaches without anger or disappointment, helping children understand the value of choices.
Growth-Focused Discipline
Consistency in rules and choices is vital. When parents improvise rules, children may learn values that do not align with the natural order. Social consequences may not always teach the intended lessons. Parents should guide children by arranging consequences consistent with natural laws and offering choices, discussing options, and protecting them from severe real-world consequences. Active guidance is preferable to a hands-off approach.
As you continue to explore parenting strategies, remember that the goal is not always compliance. Sometimes, focusing on acceptance and helping children learn to navigate what they cannot control is the most valuable lesson. The relationship between a parent and their child is critical, as it will determine or undermine the effectiveness of any parenting strategy.
Tips for Tricky Transitions for Kids with ADHD
Download a FREE copy in our Handout section or click on this picture!
Helpful Parenting Techniques
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The term Gentle Parenting was created by Sarah Ockwell-Smith, who specializes in the psychology and science of parenting and attachment theory. Ockwell-Smith is a mother of four children and has written thirteen parenting books. She received an Honors Degree in Psychology and specialized in child development. After five years of working in Pharmaceutical Research and Development and becoming a Mom, she changed career paths and retrained as an Antenatal Teacher, Hypnotherapist, Infant Massage Instructor, and Doula.
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Collaborative Problem Solving is an evidence-based method created from neurobiological research done by Dr. Ross Greene and Dr. Stuart Ablon. This parenting method teaches parents and children skills to resolve problems and strengthen relationships.
It helps to reduce challenging behaviors, increase compliance, and improve family relationships.
Collaborative Problem solving is based on the understanding that many children lack the skill, not the will to behave well. Particularly skills that are related to problem-solving, flexibility, and frustration tolerance. However, it avoids the use of power, control, and motivators.
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Mindful Parenting is the art of being well with whatever is going on in the moment. This contrasts with not being well or struggling to change things, or avoiding dealing with pain or discomfort. It is focusing your attention on what you are feeling in the moment and nonjudgmental awareness.
The goal for a mindful parent is to observe when you are not calm and centered and then bring yourself back to the centerβto manage your own emotions and behaviors so that you can help your children do the same.
Before we start trying to teach our children how to cope with anger, stress, and difficult problems or situations, we need to be sure that we are able to cope with our own anger, stress, etc. We can do this by bringing our conscious attention to the present moment instead of letting our emotions control us.
When parents lose their cool, it can be really scary for a child. So, modeling our children healthy ways to deal with stress is of the utmost importance.
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Dr. Thomas W. Phelanβs book, "1-2-3 Magic: 3 Step Discipline for Calm, Effective, and Happy Parenting", was released in 1995 and continues to be a top parenting tool used today. Dr. Phelanβs program is the βworldβs simplest discipline program for parents with kids aged two to twelve years old.β His program uses a counting system that helps set limits for kids using three steps.
The procedure is simple. When a child does something wrong, the parent counts βone,β letting the child know they are headed in the wrong direction. If the child stops, the parent thanks the child. If the behavior continues, the parent counts βtwo,β which signals the child that they will receive a brief time-out if they continue. If the behavior stops immediately, there is no consequence, but if the behavior continues, the parent immediately counts βthree,β and the child must go to time out.
6 Powerful Parenting Strategies for Neurodivergent Kids
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βThe Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Childβ by Alan E. Kazdin, Ph.D., is packed with valuable information to add to your parenting toolbox. The Kazdin method provides us with a method for changing your childβs behavior based on whatβs currently known about scientific studies. Here, there are no unsupported opinions about children or childhood.
Tips for Tricky Transitions for Kids with ADHD
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Dr. Cloud and Dr. Townsend state that a βboundary is a property line that defines where one person ends and someone else begins.β When we are aware of our own boundaries and the boundaries of others, we know what is expected of us and of others. Each person is responsible for their own feelings, behaviors, and attitudes. This is important because a child must know and understand the three following things to begin using boundaries.
Parenting Young Adults
Parenting a young adult is complex. The work starts the moment they enter high school. If you do these steps to prepare them and prepare yourself, it will help both of you as they transition to the next phase of their life. Once they are out of high school, they will either head onto secondary education or enter the workforce, hopefully. Either way, they will most likely need and want guidance from their parent(s). Understanding how to best parent at this stage will help your young adult transition to complete independence.
Preparing before they transition to Adulthood
Some Basic Skills They Will Need (Do Not Assume They Know):
plan their day ahead and plan well
use their alarm and have a backup, especially on important days
calming themselves especially when anxiety and stress occur (help develop their resiliency; more on this below)
interact with adults & teachers on their own and how to advocate for themselves
managing relationships (professional, friendships both platonic and romantic & how to stay safe)
clean a home (explain how often to do each task)
how to mail/ship items, set up a service for mail, and the importance of checking it regularly
wash their clothes and dishes
make a grocery list and how to navigate a grocery store well
cook their favorite foods and care for a stove, oven, grill, etc
care for meats and other foods and when to throw products out
how to balance daily food and liquid intake
develop a good exercise routine
use an iron safely and other household equipment (and know when itβs time to replace it)
learn general maintenance of the home and yearly checks such as plumbing (use of a plunger, fix for a running toilet, how to unclog drains, etc.)
choose businesses when you need different services (plumbers, HVAC, Internet, appliance repairs, etc)
use a map and navigation tools
gas their car and general maintenance of a car (check the oil level, add oil, air tires, change tires)
use Lift, Uber, and other transportation companies safely
get around safely in different environments (big cities, small towns, etc)
drive in different road systems and crossing bridges, etc. (if you are not able to take them to these places, try to find some pictures or videos of them and discuss the best ways to handle them)
balance a checkbook, make a change, save money, pay online, and why you need a credit score
find services they may need, like finding a doctor or dentist on their own or counseling
learn what to do if an item like their wallet, car, or anything becomes stolen
the dangers of drugs and alcohol (what each type is, their levels of strength, and understanding their body weight and the effects of that with each)
party/social drinking safety (Donβt leave a drink or food unattended)
take a self-defense course
the importance of locking doors (car, home, etc.) and managing keys
caring for a plant and a pet
teach them ways to not be wasteful with money and when there are times when it is okay or best to spend when it is needed (ex., If you are not feeling well and need to purchase a water or Gatorade, sometimes itβs best to purchase it at the closest location and not worry about finding where it is cheapest.)
go to games, concerts, etc, safely and smartly
navigate an airport, train station, bus station
prepare a medicine bag and how to handle sickness on their own and when to go to a doctor or ER (also, checking expiration dates)
teach them to understand what anxiety and depression look like and when it is time to seek help
teach them to understand what βthe worst dayβ can look like, what is going on (hormones increasing the strength of the feeling instead of what you are truly feeling), and how to best make it through a day or period of time like that (and that a day like that happens to all of us at least once in our lives and usually a few times in our lifetime, but they almost always pass with time).
realize you will not be able to teach them everything, but by helping them learn a lot of these skills, they will also learn how to figure things out on their own, too
The Big Day
-The day your child moves away from home is an important day for both of you. Plan it well.
-Plan together what they will need
-Help them make smart purchases for their new place
-Have a plan for the move-out day (how to box everything, how to move things in, how and when to clean and bring things in, last-minute purchases, and closest stores)
-Once they have organized their place as best as possible, plan what you will say to them before you leave (having an idea for this a few days ahead will be helpful). They will hang onto your words, so choose them wisely. Be supportive and positive, and make sure they know they can always call you if they need anything or want to talk.
-Remind them to deal with problems as soon as they arise, not wait or procrastinate, and that you are always there to provide advice and support as needed.
-If they are moving a long distance away, possibly stay an extra night in a hotel so you are there in case any problems arise.
Once the Transition is Complete
Once you leave and they have moved, your role has now changed. You are now there for advice and emergencies, but they must be independent and try to do everything themselves. They will make mistakes, and it is our job to allow those to happen and not try to step in and save the day. Self-reliance is the way they will learn how to be fully independent. The faster you accept this and implement it, the quicker they learn and transition into trusting themselves. When you step in, you hold them back from their personal growth.
What to expect the first year
There are some usual stages your young adult will probably go through as they transition towards adulthood and independence. These are normal, so donβt be too worried (article on The W-Curve Model). Itβs part of the process. Below are behaviors you should be concerned about and step in if you see occurring (article on Warning signs of depression).
The W-Curve Model
https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/the-w-curve-theory
Warning signs of depression
Understanding what is within normal range and when there are warning signs your young adult may need help.
Resiliency
The best tool you can give your child is resiliency. If you can teach this before they leave your home, they will be well prepared to handle any obstacles that come their way. If they have not learned this by the time they leave your home, it will take longer to navigate any difficulties they encounter. We see this all the time now with college students and inside counseling offices that are overbooked. Why? They are struggling because they have not learned resiliency. Parents want to step in and fix everything so their child feels no pain, but that is actually just delaying their learning, developing a sense of dependence, and lowering their self-assurance.
Use this excellent article, βFive Science-Backed Strategies to Build Resilienceβ by Kira M. Newman, to help you create resiliency in your child or in yourself.
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/five_science_backed_strategies_to_build_resilience
Another great article to check out is by Dr. Kevin Elko.
We are seeing the effects of this deficit now in the workplace as well. Young employees no longer manage criticism well, and the work environment is greatly affected. Employers must spend long hours handholding employees and focusing on them at the cost of the time and energy needed for the business and its customers. Employees lacking resiliency puts an unnecessary burden on leadership, and everyoneβs quality of life is affected, and the business suffers. In turn, this affects all of us.
When we take time to teach children these important lessons, we set them up well to handle all of the daily experiences of life. The more they feel ready and self-assured, the more enjoyment they can find in their lives and the better our world works for all of us.
Variables that Influence Outcome
Many variables may be influencing your situation. Some of the more common variables that impact childhood behavior might include:
Number of children in the family
Birth order, age, and developmental status
Individual differences in learning or socializing
Differences in how children are wired biologically
The health of family members
Chemicals passed through to the child during pregnancy or from toxins in the environment
Early attachment issues
Personality conflicts
Parents not getting along/divorce
Death of a family member or close friend
Happiness and positivity within the family
Parentsβ childhood experiences and family history
The childβs historyβtrauma, maltreatment, inappropriate discipline, or insensitive parenting
Status of parentβs communication and problem-solving skills
All of these variables and life events play a role in your childβs behavior. There is no one-size-fits-all or βbest approach to parenting. Everyoneβs situation is different. Many people are juggling between multiple caregivers, dealing with crowded schools, variable childcare arrangements, financial or housing hardships, or even exposure to traumatic events. All of these factors influence and take a toll on children and parents. Even without these hardships, our society is difficult for children with its frightening violence, over-stimulating and inappropriate media exposure, substance abuse epidemics, and overwhelmed or fragmented families. Try to be understanding when your child struggles.
Helpful Videos about Parenting
Video about Self Care Strategies for Parents
Book reading about why it is important to follow rules
Parent Handouts
